Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma
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Frequently Asked Questions :
1. Is medulloblastoma curable?
Yes, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, medulloblastoma is treatable. Long-term survival rates are improving due to advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
2. What is the survival rate for medulloblastoma?
Survival rates vary based on the molecular subtype and stage of diagnosis. For WNT-activated medulloblastoma, the 5-year survival rate can be as high as 90%, while it is lower for more aggressive subtypes.
3. Can adults get medulloblastoma?
Yes, though medulloblastoma is more common in children, adults can also develop this tumor. The treatment strategy may differ slightly for adults due to age-related factors.
About Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is a type of malignant brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. It is most frequently diagnosed in children but can also affect adults. Medulloblastoma tends to spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to other parts of the brain and spine, making early detection and treatment critical.
Causes of Medulloblastoma
While the exact cause of medulloblastoma is unknown, several factors may increase the risk, including:
- Genetic mutations: Inherited syndromes, such as Gorlin syndrome and Turcot syndrome, can increase the likelihood of developing medulloblastoma.
- Radiation exposure: Prior exposure to radiation therapy, particularly for childhood cancer, may elevate the risk.
- Age: Most cases are diagnosed in children under the age of 10, though it can also occur in adults.
Types of Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is classified into four main molecular subgroups, which help determine the prognosis and treatment approach:
- WNT-activated: This type generally has the most favorable prognosis.
- SHH-activated: Often found in infants and adults, the outlook depends on specific mutations.
- Group 3: Tends to be more aggressive, requiring intensive treatment.
- Group 4: The most common subtype, with variable outcomes depending on the stage at diagnosis.
Symptoms of Medulloblastoma
Symptoms of medulloblastoma can vary depending on the tumor’s size, location, and whether it has spread. Common signs include:
- Headaches (especially in the morning)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Clumsiness or difficulty with balance and coordination
- Changes in vision or eye movements
- Unusual fatigue or lethargy
- Behavioral changes or cognitive difficulties
Diagnosis of Medulloblastoma
Dr. Sandeep Vaishya and his team use advanced diagnostic tools to accurately identify medulloblastoma. The diagnostic process typically includes:
- Neurological exam: Assessing motor skills, reflexes, and sensory responses.
- Imaging tests: MRI scans are essential for visualizing the tumor and its location. CT scans may also be used.
- Biopsy: A tissue sample may be taken to confirm the type and grade of the tumor.
- Lumbar puncture: To check if the cancer has spread to the cerebrospinal fluid.
Early and precise diagnosis is critical for formulating an effective treatment plan.
Treatment of Medulloblastoma
Treatment for medulloblastoma often involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Here’s how Dr. Sandeep Vaishya approaches treatment:
1. Surgery
The primary goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without damaging surrounding brain tissues. Dr. Vaishya’s expertise in neurosurgery ensures a precise and safe procedure.
2. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is used post-surgery to target any remaining cancer cells. For children, special techniques are applied to minimize side effects on brain development.
Cost of Medulloblastoma Treatment and Stay in India
India has become a hub for affordable and high-quality medical care. The cost of treating medulloblastoma in India is significantly lower compared to Western countries, without compromising on the standard of care.
- Surgery: The cost of neurosurgery for medulloblastoma ranges between USD 5,000 to 10,000, depending on the complexity of the case.
- Hospital stay: A hospital stay of around 7-10 days post-surgery is typical, with an extended stay in India for follow-up care.
- Overall cost: Including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, treatment in India can range from USD 15,000 to 25,000.